Si quelqu'un laissait son vin sur un chariot ou sur un bateau [avec un gentil], et qu'il prenait un raccourci, [partant par une porte et revenant par la porte opposée] —s'il est entré dans la ville et s'est baigné [dans les bains], il (le vin) est permis. [Car puisque le gentil ne savait pas qu'il resterait à l'écart, il craindrait (son retour prématuré) et ne toucherait pas au vin.] R. Shimon n. Gamliel dit: [Ce n'est pas interdit tant qu'il ne reste pas à l'écart] assez longtemps pour qu'il l'ouvre et fasse un autre bouchon et [pour la fermeture] sèche. Si quelqu'un laisse un gentil dans la boutique, même s'il (le juif) entre et sort, c'est permis. Et s'il l'informe qu'il s'en va au loin [et qu'il s'éloigne de lui, et qu'il reste assez longtemps [pour lui] pour l'ouvrir et le refermer et [pour que la fermeture] sèche], [c'est interdit]. R. Shimon n. Gamliel dit: [Ce n'est pas interdit tant qu'il ne reste pas à l'écart] assez longtemps pour qu'il l'ouvre et fasse un autre bouchon et [pour la fermeture] sèche. [La Michna nous informe du différend entre R. Shimon b. Gamliel et les rabbins dans ces trois cas. Car s'il enseignait [seulement] l'exemple d'un gentil transportant des cruches de vin, je pourrais penser que c'est [seulement] alors que nous supposons que le gentil craindra son retour imminent, mais dans le cas d'un bateau ou d'un chariot, il peut naviguer et faire ce qu'il veut sans crainte. Et s'il enseignait [seulement] l'exemple d'un bateau ou d'un wagon et non celui de laisser un gentil dans son magasin, je pourrais penser que le gentil craindrait de le faire seulement en premier lieu, de peur que le juif ne quitte par un chemin et revenir par un autre et le voir, alors que dans le second cas, il pourrait dire que je fermerai le volet et ferai ce que je veux. Par conséquent, les trois exemples doivent être énoncés et, dans l'ensemble, la halakha est conforme à R. Shimon b. Gamliel.]
Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah
המניח יינו בקרון או בספינה – with the heathen.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Avodah Zarah
Introduction
This mishnah is a direct continuation of the previous mishnah. In it we learn of two more situations in which a Jew leaves casks of wine with a non-Jew and we must decide whether or not the non-Jew is suspected of having opened the cask and removed some of the wine, thereby making it forbidden. Again, there is a dispute over how long the Jew may be absent before we suspect that the non-Jew will attempt to open the cask. Since we explained this dispute yesterday we will not explain it again here.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah
בקפנדריא – a shortcut that he enters in this gate and leaves from another gate opposite him.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Avodah Zarah
If [a Jew] left his wine in a wagon or on a ship while he went along a short cut, entered a town and bathed, it is permitted. But if [the Jew] informed him that he was going away [and he was absent a length of time] sufficient for the other to bore a hole [in a jar], stop it up and [the sealing clay] to become dry, [the wine is prohibited]. Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel says: [a length of time] sufficient for him to open a cask, put a new stopper on and [the new stopper] to become dry. In this situation the Jew again leaves the non-Jew with his wine, this time to make a quick excursion into the city. Note that he uses a short cut into the city. The fact that he is going and returning quickly will make the non-Jew fear getting caught should he open the cask. Therefore the wine is permitted. The Talmud teaches that if the mishnah had not included this scenario, we might have thought that since the non-Jew could take the wagon or boat and go to another place and there open the wine, that the wine is forbidden. The mishnah teaches that even in this case we are not concerned. The wine is only forbidden should the Jew tell the non-Jew that he is going and when he will return.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah
ורחץ – in the bathhouse.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Avodah Zarah
If [a Jew] left a non-Jew in his shop, although he kept going in and out, [the wine there] is permitted. But if [the Jew] informed him that he was going away [and he was absent a length of time] sufficient for the other to bore a hole [in a jar], stop it up and [the sealing clay] to become dry, [the wine is prohibited]. Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel says: [a length of time] sufficient for him to open a cask, put a new stopper on and [the new stopper] to become dry. In this scenario the Jew leaves the non-Jew in the store. Although the Jew is constantly going in and out of the store, and frequently leaving the non-Jew alone with the wine, the wine is permitted. Again, as long as he doesn’t tell him that he is leaving and when he is returning, the wine is permitted. The Talmud teaches that if the mishnah had not included this scenario, we might have thought that since the non-Jew could close the door to the store and then do what he wishes, that in this case the wine is forbidden. The mishnah therefore teaches that the wine is nevertheless permitted.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah
מותר – for since the heathen did not know that he delayed, he trembles and does not touch it. And our Mishnah teaches us the dispute of Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel and the Rabbis in these three segments [of the Mishnah]. For if it (i.e., the Mishnah) [only] taught that a heathen that was moving pitchers of wine, I might think that there, the heathen trembles for he holds that now he will see me. But on a ship or a wagon, he would be absent himself from his ship and does what he wants and does not tremble. But if [the Mishnah] only taught about the ship and the wagon and did not teach about a heathen placing it in his store, , I would think that in the ship and on a wagon, he trembles, for he holds that perhaps in another place, I will go and stand from the other side and he will see me. But when the heathen places it in his store, for one could say that he has designate it for a gate and does whatever he wants. I would say, no. It is necessary. And in all of this, the Halakha is according to Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Avodah Zarah
Questions for Further Thought: • Section one: What do you think the ruling would be if the Jew did not take the short cut into the city? Would the wine nevertheless be permitted?
